Digital Democracy and Hate Speech: Between Freedom of Expression and Political Repression
The Paradox of Hate Speech in Dandhy's Case
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46961/mediasi.v6i3.1777Keywords:
Cyberdemocracy, Cyber Room, Hate Speech, Public Opinion, Social MediaAbstract
This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method to examine the phenomenon of hate speech within the context of cyberdemocracy, particularly in relation to the case of Dandhy Dwi Laksono on the Facebook social media platform. A case study approach is chosen to conduct an in-depth analysis of a specific incident by taking into account the surrounding social, political, and media contexts. This method enables the researcher to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex social dynamics and digital interactions involved, including public responses to the hate speech in question. The study aims to explore the process of public opinion formation, the mechanisms of production and distribution of hate speech in digital spaces, and the role of social media as a contested arena for discourse and freedom of expression within the framework of Indonesia’s digital democracy. Thus, this research not only examines the textual aspects of hate speech but also analyzes the accompanying socio-political implications, as well as the dynamics of power and resistance within an ever-evolving cyberspace.
References
Afdal, A., Ningsih, T. P., & Maharani, U. K. (2021). Perbedaan Kecendrungan Melakukan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) antara Laki-laki dan Perempuan. Jurnal Konseling Komprehensif Kajian Teori dan Praktik Bimbingan dan Konseling, 8(2), 1–13.
Akyzazi, E. (2005). Cyberculture and Interactivity. Mamara University Faculty of Communications.
Al Qurtuby, S. (2017). Sejarah Kelam Muslim Rohingnya. dw.com. Tersedia: https://www.dw.com/id/sejarah-kelam-muslim-rohingya/a-40557421
Azhar, A. F., & Suponyono, E. (2020a). Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Pengaturan dan Penanggulangan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) di Media Sosial. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 2 (2).
Azhar, F. A., & Soponyono, E. (2020b). Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Pengaturan dan Penanggulangan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) di Media Sosial. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 2, hlm. 277–290.
David, M. (2020). Hate Speech, "free speech, and group violence. American Psychological Association.
Gadzhikwa, J. (2015). Interactivity and Cyber Democracy: The Case of Zimbabwe’s Online Newapapers. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 7(4).
Gorokhovskaia, Y., Shahbaz, A., & Slipowitz, A. (2023). Freedom in the World 2023: Marking 50 Years in the Struggle for Democracy. Freedom House.
Hardianti, L. T. (2024). Literasi Digital dan Berkembangnya Hate Speech di Media Sosial dalam Pilpres 2024. Filosofi: Publikasi Ilmu Komunikasi, Desain, Seni Budaya, 1(4).
Hassim, M. N., Nasir Mohamad, N. N., & Zamri Karim, N. A. (2024). Hate Speech the Digital Age: A Study in Terms of Impact and Social Implications. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 9(38), hlm.6–10.
Indrawan, J., Rosa, A. J., Ilmar, A., & Nathanael, G. K. (2021). Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat di Era Politik Siber. Journal of Political Issues, 3(1), hlm.3–11.
Jajeli, R. (2017). Bandingankan Megawati dengan Suu Kyi, Dandhy Laksono Dipolisikan. detiknews. Tersedia: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3631466/bandingkan-megawati-dengan-suu-kyi-dandhy-laksono-dipolisikan
Latif, Y. (2017). Respons Idealisme Muda. Kompas.
Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I., & Kelly, K. (2009). New Media: A Critical Introduction (Second Edition). Routledge.
Marpaung, H. W., & Sazali, H. (2025). The Politics of Hate SpeechAkun Fufufafa: Perspektif Etika Komunikasi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kohesi Sosial. Jurnal Indonesia: Manajemen Informatika dan Komunikasi (JIMIK), 6(2), 1430.
Mulyana, D. (2007). Ilmu Komunikasi Suatu Pengantar. PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nugroho, M. K., & Fahadayna, A. C. (2025). Demokrasi Siber dan Resiliensi Siber di Indonesia: Studi tentang Kualitas Demokrasi Indonesia dalam Pemilu 2014-2023/4. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 6(1), hlm. 126.
Nurocman, A., Al-Hamdi, R., & Suswanta. (2024). Impact of hate speech in digital media on pre-election public opinion. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 8(3), hlm. 609.
Pohjonen, M., & Udupa, S. (2017). Extreme Speech Online: An Anthropological Critique of Hate Speech Debates. International Journal of Communication, 11.
Prakoso, P. J. (2022, Januari 11). Kronologi Ferdinand Hutahaean Tersangka Ujaran Kebencian hingga Ditahan Polisi. bisnis.com.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. MCB University Press, 9(5).
Rio, K. (2015). Fenomena Ujaran Kebencian di Media Sosial. Makalah Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Padjadjaran.
Sa’idah, F. L., Santi, D. E., & Suryanto. (2021). Faktor Produksi Ujaran Kebencian Melalui Media Sosial. Jurnal Psikologi Perseptual, 6:1.
Simangunsong, A. B. (2016). Interaksi Antarmanusia melalui Media Sosial Facebook Mengenai Topik Keagamaan. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 3(1).
Sofia, C., & Sadida, N. (2021). Hubungan Antara Orientasi Religius dengan Motivasi Mengeskspresikan Prasangka di Media Sosial. Jurnal Assalam, 5(1), 54–59.
Subekti, S., & Sidarta, D. D. (2020). Penyelesaian Kejahatan Terhadap Kemanusiaan dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Pro Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresik, 9(1).
Thaniago, R. (2017, September 14). Kasus Dandhy dan Makna Ujaran Kebencian yang Cemar. remotivi.id. Tersedia: https://www.remotivi.or.id/headline/undefined/410
Wakang, A. A. (2024). Kasus Ujaran Kebencian Meningkat Terhadap Kelompok Minoritas Sepanjang Pemilu 2024. Tempo.com.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 fathor rahman

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms: Attribution; NonCommercial; and no additional restrictions.